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Sexual health

Kisspeptin-10, explained simply

A powerful reproductive hormone regulator that acts like the master switch for your body's fertility system—triggering the release of hormones that control everything from ovulation to testosterone production.

Some human studiesInjection under the skin (like insulin shots)23 cited sourcesResearch compound — not FDA approved

Start here

What is Kisspeptin-10?

Kisspeptin-10 is a fragment of a signaling molecule made in the brain that starts the entire reproductive hormone chain, driving release of LH and FSH, the hormones that control testosterone, egg development, and ovulation 67. It is being studied to boost testosterone in men 718 and as a potentially safer trigger for egg maturation in IVF 313. It is a research compound with early human trial evidence, not an FDA-approved medicine.

How it works in your body

Think of your reproductive system as a chain of dominoes. Kisspeptin is the finger that tips the very first one. It's a small signaling molecule made in your brain's hypothalamus (the brain region that runs your hormone system) that tells special neurons to release GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone). 910 GnRH then tells your pituitary (the master hormone gland at the base of the brain) gland to release LH and FSH—the hormones that control your ovaries or testes. In men, this leads to testosterone production. 7 In women, it triggers egg development and ovulation. Without kisspeptin, this whole cascade doesn't start—which is why people born without working kisspeptin signaling never go through puberty naturally 8.

The deeper mechanism, for the curious

Kisspeptin-10 is the smallest active piece of the kisspeptin family: the last 10 amino acids (residues 112-121) of the product of the KISS1 gene 9. It strongly switches on the KISS1 receptor (GPR54), a docking site found on GnRH neurons (nerve cells that control reproductive hormones) in the hypothalamus (a control center in the brain). Step by step: when it attaches, Gq/11 signaling raises calcium inside the cell and depolarizes (electrically excites) the GnRH neurons 9. That triggers pulses of GnRH release into the small blood vessels linking the hypothalamus to the pituitary (the master hormone gland at the base of the brain) gland. GnRH then tells pituitary gonadotroph cells to release LH and FSH 717. Kisspeptin neurons take in signals about metabolism, the body clock, and stress, so they act as a 'gatekeeper' for reproduction. A group of nerve cells in the arcuate nucleus (a spot in the hypothalamus) called KNDy neurons (Kisspeptin-Neurokinin B-Dynorphin) creates the pulse signal that drives GnRH release 10. Kisspeptin-10 has a short half-life (~4 minutes IV, given into a vein) because enzymes break it down quickly 14. Injection under the skin gives slightly longer exposure. Unlike injected gonadotropins (the hormones that signal the testes and ovaries) or GnRH analogs (drugs that mimic the GnRH signal), kisspeptin triggers hormone release in a natural pattern that more closely copies normal reproductive physiology 13.

Evidence check

Some human studies

It has been tested in people, but only in small or early-stage studies. Promising, but not yet proven the way an approved medicine is.

Every numbered marker on this page links to one of the 23 sources at the bottom.

94/100

Hormone Activation

Strongly boosts your natural LH and FSH (the hormones that drive the reproductive system) and the sex hormones that follow, using the body's own chain of signals

89/100

Sexual Health

Enhances brain activity in attraction and arousal centers, improving sexual desire at the neurological level

92/100

Fertility Support

Triggers physiological hormone patterns that support reproduction while minimizing risks like OHSS in IVF

What the research points to

The most-asked question

How much Kisspeptin-10 do I take?

The research-reported range is 100 mcg, once daily. Studies used different doses for different situations — find yours:

  1. New users, Assessing response

    50 mcg per injection

    • How often
      Once daily
    • For how long
      1-2 weeks
    • How
      Injection under the skin

    Conservative subcutaneous (under the skin) entry dose used in research practice; kisspeptin-10 has a very short half-life (~4 min IV) so effects are pulse-like 1.

  2. LH/testosterone support, Fertility research

    100 mcg per injection

    • How often
      Once daily
    • For how long
      4-6 weeks
    • How
      Injection under the skin

    Common research/practice subcutaneous (under the skin) dose; roughly approximates the ~1 mcg/kg level shown to maximally stimulate LH in men 6.

  3. Experienced users

    100-200 mcg per injection

    • How often
      Once or twice daily
    • For how long
      4-6 weeks
    • How
      Injection under the skin

    Upper end of the practice range; higher kisspeptin-10 doses can blunt the LH response (a ceiling/desensitization effect was seen above ~1 mcg/kg) so escalating beyond this is not advised 6.

  4. Clinical research, Endocrine testing

    1 mcg/kg as one quick injection

    • How often
      One quick injection (research setting)
    • For how long
      Single administration
    • How
      Injection or drip into a vein

    Peer-reviewed human dose: an IV bolus of 1 mcg/kg produced the greatest LH stimulation in healthy men (rising from ~4 to ~12 IU/L at 30 min); 3 mcg/kg gave a smaller response 6. Used in clinical research, not for routine self-administration.

Adjusting your dose

You're at the right dose if…

  • Noticeable improvement in energy and well-being (related to hormone optimization)
  • For men: improved morning erections and libido
  • Blood work showing healthy LH, FSH, and sex hormone levels
  • No significant side effects between doses

Consider going up if…

  • You've completed starting doses with no side effects and want stronger hormonal response
  • Blood work shows minimal LH/FSH response to current dose
  • Working with a physician on fertility protocols requiring more robust stimulation

Go down if…

  • You experience persistent flushing or feeling overheated
  • Headaches don't resolve after the first few days
  • You notice heart racing or palpitations
  • Blood pressure increases significantly

The ceiling: 200 mcg per administration, typically not exceeding twice daily (research protocols may differ under supervision) 6

Reconstitution, in plain words

How do I mix Kisspeptin-10?

Peptides usually arrive as a freeze-dried powder in a small vial. “Reconstitution” just means adding sterile water back in so you can measure a dose. Here's how it works for Kisspeptin-10:

What you need

  • Bacteriostatic water (BAC water)—the preservative keeps it safe for multiple uses
  • Insulin syringes (29-31 gauge)—thin needles for comfortable injections
  • Alcohol swabs for cleaning vial tops and injection sites
  • Your kisspeptin-10 powder vial

A worked example

If you have a 5mg (5000mcg) vial and add 2mL of BAC water, you get 2500mcg/mL. For a 100mcg dose, you'd draw 0.04mL (4 units on a 100-unit insulin syringe).

Working out your dose

For 100mcg dose at 2500mcg/mL concentration: draw 0.04mL (4 units). For 50mcg: draw 0.02mL (2 units). Use a 0.5mL (50-unit) insulin syringe for more precise small-volume measurements.

Or let the calculator do it

Three quick questions — your vial, your water, your dose — and it tells you the exact syringe mark. “Find dose amount” is preloaded with Kisspeptin-10's recorded schedule.

Kisspeptin-10Once daily

How much peptide is in your bottle?

Look at the label on the vial. It’s the number next to the unit — like "5 mg". Labeled in IU? Switch the unit to IU.

Type a number to continue.
0

Injection sites & technique

Where do I inject Kisspeptin-10?

The best spots

  • Belly fat area (about 2 inches away from your belly button)
  • Front or outer thigh (middle section)
  • Back of the upper arm

How to do it, step by step

  • Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water
  • Clean the injection site with an alcohol swab and let it air dry completely
  • Pinch about an inch of skin to create a fold
  • Insert the needle at a 45-90 degree angle (45 if you're lean, 90 if you have more tissue)
  • Push the plunger slowly and steadily—kisspeptin is a small volume
  • Wait 3-5 seconds before removing the needle
  • Apply light pressure if needed—don't rub

Subcutaneous (under the skin) injection (just under the skin)—the most practical method for self-administration with good absorption

Timing

When do I take Kisspeptin-10?

Best time of day

Morning works well for most goals. It lines up with the natural morning rise in your stress hormone cortisol (the stress hormone) 23 and gives hormones time to rise during your active hours. For fertility protocols, timing may be adjusted to the phase of your cycle 1114.

With or without food?

Kisspeptin can be taken regardless of food timing. Injection absorption isn't significantly affected by meals, so choose whatever time works best for your routine.

Taking it with other peptides

If combining with other peptides like PT-141 for sexual health, space injections at least 30 minutes apart. Don't combine with GnRH antagonists (drugs that block the brain's reproductive signal), as they directly cancel kisspeptin's effect. 17 Can be used alongside clomiphene (a fertility drug) for extra reproductive hormone support.

The honest list

What side effects could Kisspeptin-10 cause?

Common — usually mild

These show up most often. They usually fade as your body adjusts.

Less common

Worth knowing about, but most people never see these.

Serious — stop and get medical help

Rare, but if any of these happen, stop and contact a medical professional.

  • Allergic reaction

    Rare but possible with any peptide. Watch for hives, significant facial swelling, difficulty breathing, or throat tightness.

    What to do STOP immediately and seek emergency medical care. Have antihistamines available. This is extremely rare but requires immediate attention.

Week by week

What should I expect from Kisspeptin-10, and when?

  1. Hours to Days 1-3

    You might notice
    What's normal
    • Feeling warm or flushed for 30-60 minutes after injection
    • Minor injection site redness
    • Subtle energy or mood shifts as hormones adjust
    What's next

  2. Week 1-2

    You might notice
    What's normal
    What's next
    • Consider blood work to verify hormonal response
    • Adjust timing or dose based on response and goals
    • Continue tracking subjective effects

  3. Week 3-6

    You might notice
    What's normal
    • Consistent effects without further escalation
    • Stable hormone levels on blood work
    • Sexual health benefits maintained
    What's next
    • Evaluate whether to continue based on goals and blood work
    • Discuss protocol duration with healthcare provider
    • Consider cycling off or adjusting protocol as needed

How to tell it's actually working

Hormonal Response (Men)

  • Improved morning erections returning
  • Enhanced libido and sexual desire
  • Blood work showing increased LH, FSH, and testosterone
  • Better energy and sense of vitality
  • Maintained or improved testicular size (unlike exogenous (supplied from outside the body) testosterone)

Hormonal Response (Women/Fertility)

  • Blood tests show higher levels of LH and FSH (the hormones that drive the reproductive system)
  • In IVF: eggs mature successfully without OHSS (a painful over-response of the ovaries) symptoms
  • Periods return in women who lost them from stress or low weight (hypothalamic (the brain region that runs your hormone system) amenorrhea)
  • Ultrasound shows the egg-containing follicles in the ovaries growing better

Sexual Health Indicators

Not seeing anything? The usual reasons

Is it right for you?

Who should avoid Kisspeptin-10?

Do not use it if…

Be extra careful if…

  • You have cardiovascular conditions—kisspeptin can temporarily increase heart rate and blood pressure
  • You have polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)—response may be exaggerated
  • You take blood pressure medications—monitor for additive effects
  • You have a history of hot flashes or flushing disorders
  • You're on hormone replacement therapy—effects may be unpredictable

When to stop

Kisspeptin-10 is a research compound, not an FDA-approved medication. Never start, stop, or change your dosing without guidance from a qualified healthcare provider. This information is for educational purposes only—not medical advice.

What it mixes badly (and well) with

Medications

Other peptides

  • OK together
    PT-141 (Bremelanotide)

    Both affect sexual function through different pathways. Can be used together for stronger sexual health benefits. Space injections 30+ minutes apart.

  • Avoid
    Gonadorelin

    Both trigger GnRH/gonadotropin (the hormones that signal the testes and ovaries) release (the reproductive hormone signals). Using together may cause too much hormonal stimulation. Generally not needed together because they overlap.

  • OK together
    HCG

    Can be combined in fertility protocols. HCG acts further down the chain than kisspeptin. Commonly used together in IVF under medical supervision.

  • OK together
    BPC-157

    No known interactions. Different mechanisms and targets. Safe to use together for different goals.

Supplements

  • Check first
    D-Aspartic Acid

    Both aim to raise natural testosterone production. May have added effects. Monitor for overstimulation.

  • OK together
    Zinc

    Zinc supports testosterone production and is safe to combine. May enhance kisspeptin's hormonal effects.

  • OK together
    Ashwagandha

    Safe to combine. Ashwagandha may help with stress-related hormone issues while kisspeptin works directly on the signaling pathway.

  • OK together
    DIM (Diindolylmethane)

    Safe to use together. DIM helps the body process estrogen while kisspeptin works on the GnRH/gonadotropin (the hormones that signal the testes and ovaries) signals.

Who it tends to suit

Fertility and IVF Support

Kisspeptin is showing remarkable promise as a safer alternative to traditional IVF triggers. Unlike hCG, it dramatically reduces the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS)—a potentially dangerous IVF complication. Studies show kisspeptin can mature eggs effectively while keeping ovarian volume 3x smaller than with hCG 313.

Natural Testosterone Optimization in Men

Rather than replacing your testosterone from outside (which shuts down natural production), kisspeptin tells your brain to make more. It stimulates LH release, which signals your testes to produce testosterone naturally. 67 This approach maintains fertility and testicular function—unlike exogenous (supplied from outside the body) testosterone 22.

Low Sexual Desire (Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder)

Clinical trials have shown kisspeptin enhances brain activity in regions involved in sexual arousal and attraction. In men with HSDD, it increased penile response by up to 56% and improved happiness about sex. In women, it modulated brain areas involved in sexual and attraction processing 12.

Recovery from Missed Periods Caused by Brain Signaling (Hypothalamic Amenorrhea)

For women who've lost their periods due to stress, low body weight, or over-exercise, kisspeptin can help restart the reproductive system. It acts on the hypothalamus (the brain's control center) to restart GnRH pulses, the brain's signal to the reproductive system and the first step in bringing periods back naturally 512.

The safety picture overall

Kisspeptin has demonstrated an excellent safety profile across multiple clinical trials at Imperial College London and other research centers. Studies involving healthy volunteers and patients with reproductive disorders have shown no serious adverse events. 513 The most common effects—flushing and feeling warm—are related to its mechanism of action and resolve quickly. 1520 Importantly, kisspeptin doesn't cause anxiety or negative psychological effects, which was confirmed in a study of 95 participants 4.

Safety data comes mainly from Phase 1-2 clinical trials (early and mid-stage human studies) at major research institutions including Imperial College London. 13 Studies have included men and women, healthy volunteers and patients with reproductive disorders such as HSDD (low sexual desire) and hypothalamic (the brain region that runs your hormone system) amenorrhea (lost periods from stress or low weight). 1212 The safety profile looks promising, but long-term studies are still ongoing.

Keeping it good

How do I store Kisspeptin-10?

Before mixing (powder)

Keep your kisspeptin powder in the refrigerator (36-46°F / 2-8°C) for short-term storage or in the freezer (-4°F / -20°C) for long-term storage. Kisspeptin-10 is a relatively stable peptide when lyophilized, but protect it from light and moisture.

After mixing (liquid)

Once mixed with bacteriostatic water, refrigerate at 36-46°F (2-8°C). Never freeze the reconstituted solution. Use within 14-21 days—kisspeptin-10's short half-life (how long it stays active in your body) means the reconstituted peptide may degrade faster than longer peptides.

Signs it has gone bad

  • Cloudy or hazy appearance (should be crystal clear)
  • Visible particles floating or settled at the bottom
  • Color changes—any yellowing or discoloration means discard it
  • Solution that smells unusual

Not our opinion — the published record

What the studies actually found about Kisspeptin-10

2023

Effects of Kisspeptin on Sexual Brain Processing and Penile Tumescence in Men With Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder

This randomized clinical trial found that kisspeptin significantly increased brain activity in areas that process sexual cues and increased penile tumescence (erection firmness) by up to 56% in men with low sexual desire. Participants also reported feeling happier about sex. This suggests kisspeptin could become the first drug treatment for male HSDD (hypoactive sexual desire disorder, a lasting lack of sexual desire).

Mills EG, Ertl N, Wall MB, et al.

2022

Effects of Kisspeptin Administration in Women With Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder

Kisspeptin changed activity in brain regions that process sexual cues and faces in women with HSDD (hypoactive sexual desire disorder, a lasting lack of sexual desire). The effects matched less sexual aversion and better responses to attractive images. This lays groundwork for a possible treatment for women.

Thurston L, Hunjan T, Ertl N, et al.

2018

Clinical Parameters of Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome Following Different Hormonal Triggers of Oocyte Maturation in IVF Treatment

Compared with the usual hCG trigger shot, kisspeptin reduced ovarian volume by 3 times and nearly eliminated OHSS symptoms (ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, a painful overreaction of the ovaries to fertility drugs). The odds of developing OHSS were 33x lower with kisspeptin than with hCG, making it a much safer option for high-risk IVF patients.

Abbara A, Islam R, Clarke SA, et al.

2025

Intranasal Kisspeptin Administration Rapidly Stimulates Gonadotropin Release in Humans

This study showed that kisspeptin given as a nasal spray (intranasal) triggers LH (luteinizing hormone) release in healthy men, healthy women, and patients with hypothalamic amenorrhea (periods stopping because of a brain-signaling problem), with no adverse events. This needle-free route could make kisspeptin a practical take-home treatment for reproductive disorders.

Mills EG, Silva MSB, Delli V, et al.

2011

Kisspeptin-10 Is a Potent Stimulator of LH and Increases Pulse Frequency in Men

An IV bolus (a single quick injection into a vein) of kisspeptin-10 across 0.01-3.0 mcg/kg produced an LH (luteinizing hormone) rise that grew with the dose. 1 mcg/kg gave the strongest effect (peak LH 12.4 IU/L at 30 min), while 3 mcg/kg produced a smaller response.

George JT, Veldhuis JD, Roseweir AK, Newton CL, Faccenda E, Millar RP, Anderson RA

2005

Kisspeptin-54 stimulates the hypothalamic-pituitary gonadal axis in human males

A 90-minute IV infusion (slow drip into a vein) of kisspeptin-54 in male volunteers significantly raised plasma (blood) LH (10.8 vs 4.2 U/L), FSH (3.9 vs 3.2 U/L) and testosterone (24.9 vs 21.7 nmol/L) compared with saline. The half-life of kisspeptin-54 in blood was 27.6 min.

Dhillo WS, Chaudhri OB, Patterson M, et al.

2003

The GPR54 gene as a regulator of puberty

Loss-of-function mutations (broken copies) in GPR54, the kisspeptin receptor, cause autosomal recessive idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in humans: a failure to go through puberty, with low sex hormones because the brain's signal is missing. Mice lacking Gpr54 show the same problem but still respond to injected GnRH (the hormone that signals the pituitary).

Seminara SB, Messager S, Chatzidaki EE, et al.

2001

The metastasis suppressor gene KiSS-1 encodes kisspeptins, the natural ligands of the orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR54

Kisspeptins made from the KiSS-1 gene attach to GPR54 very tightly (low-nanomolar affinity) and set off a chain of signals inside the cell: PIP2 hydrolysis (breakdown of a membrane fat), calcium release, arachidonic acid release and activation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAP kinase (cell signaling enzymes). This is the Gq-coupled arm of the receptor's signaling (one of its two main signal routes).

Kotani M, Detheux M, Vandenbogaerde A, et al.

If this isn't the right fit

What people use instead of Kisspeptin-10

Testosterone enhancement without affecting fertility

  • Gonadorelin
  • Enclomiphene
  • HCG

Sexual desire and arousal improvement

  • PT-141 (Bremelanotide)
  • MT-2 (Melanotan II)

Female fertility support

  • FSH injections
  • Clomiphene
  • Letrozole

Your questions

Kisspeptin-10 FAQ

How is kisspeptin different from testosterone replacement therapy?

They work in completely opposite directions! Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) gives you hormones from outside your body, which tells your brain to stop making its own—eventually shrinking your testicles and making you dependent on injections. 22 Kisspeptin does the opposite: it tells your brain to make MORE of your natural hormones. Your body keeps producing testosterone itself, maintaining fertility and testicular function 67.

Can kisspeptin help with fertility in men?

Yes, and this is one of its key advantages. Unlike testosterone or even HCG alone, kisspeptin stimulates the natural hormone cascade that supports sperm production. It increases both LH (which stimulates testosterone) and FSH (which is essential for sperm development). 718 Men trying to conceive can use kisspeptin to optimize hormones without compromising fertility.

Why is kisspeptin being studied for IVF?

Traditional IVF uses hCG to trigger egg maturation, but this carries risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS)—a potentially dangerous condition where ovaries swell dramatically. Studies show kisspeptin triggers egg maturation just as effectively while reducing OHSS risk by over 30-fold. 313 It's especially promising for women with PCOS or many follicles who are at highest OHSS risk 13.

Will kisspeptin work if I have low testosterone from aging?

It depends on what's causing your low testosterone. If your hypothalamus (the brain region that runs your hormone system) and pituitary (the master hormone gland at the base of the brain) still respond normally (they're just not being stimulated enough), kisspeptin can help by kickstarting the signaling. If there's damage or dysfunction in the hypothalamus or pituitary (like from tumors or injury), kisspeptin may be less effective. 16 Blood work before and during use can help determine response.

Is kisspeptin the same as Viagra for sexual function?

No, they work completely differently. Viagra affects blood flow to enable erections but doesn't change desire. 21 Kisspeptin works in the brain to enhance sexual desire, attraction, and arousal at the neurological level. In clinical trials, it improved both the mental aspects (wanting sex, happiness about sex) AND physical responses (penile tumescence). 12 They target different parts of the sexual experience.

Can women use kisspeptin?

Absolutely. Research shows kisspeptin affects women powerfully, though responses vary with the phase of the menstrual cycle. Just before ovulation, kisspeptin triggers the surge of LH (a hormone) that is needed for ovulation. 1114 It's being studied for hypothalamic (the brain region that runs your hormone system) amenorrhea (lost periods from stress or low weight), PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome, a common hormone condition), and as a safer trigger shot for IVF. 1213 It also boosted brain responses to attraction in women with low sexual desire 2.

Why does kisspeptin cause flushing?

Kisspeptin has effects beyond just the reproductive system—it also influences blood vessels. 15 The flushing you feel is related to temporary blood vessel dilation. This is actually similar to what happens naturally during sexual arousal (blushing, feeling warm). It's a sign the peptide is working, and the effect typically fades within 30-60 minutes and becomes less noticeable with continued use.

Is kisspeptin FDA approved?

No, kisspeptin is currently a research compound undergoing clinical trials 1920—it's not FDA approved for any indication yet. Most research has been conducted at Imperial College London and other major research centers. 113 The results are promising, especially for IVF and sexual health disorders, but it hasn't completed the approval process. It's available only for research purposes.

What is the typical Kisspeptin-10 dosage schedule?

Research protocols typically start at 50mcg injected subcutaneously (under the skin) once daily, moving to the standard 100mcg once daily after tolerance is established. Advanced protocols run 100–200mcg once or twice daily. Dosing is usually cycled rather than continuous, 18 and fertility-focused protocols may time doses to cycle phase — see the dosing protocol page for full schedules and adjustment guidance. (Clinical research settings have also used single 1mcg/kg IV boluses, 6 but subcutaneous dosing is the standard research route.)

What are the side effects of Kisspeptin-10?

The most commonly reported effects are mild: flushing or a feeling of warmth (covered in more detail in the flushing FAQ above), injection-site reactions, and mild headache. 1920 Less commonly, a temporary increase in heart rate or brief dizziness has been reported. 1920 As with any peptide, allergic reaction is the serious one to watch for — discontinue and seek medical care for difficulty breathing or significant swelling. The safety section below covers management for each.

When is the best time to take Kisspeptin-10?

Morning works well for most goals. It lines up with the natural morning rise in your stress hormone cortisol (the stress hormone) 23 and gives hormones time to rise during active hours. Food timing doesn't matter. Meals don't significantly change absorption, so consistency beats clock-perfection. The exception is fertility-focused protocols, where timing may be adjusted to the phase of your cycle 1114, covered in the dosing protocol.

23 sources

References

Every numbered marker on this page points to one of these. Same sources, same numbering as the Kisspeptin-10 research profile on Peptide Initiative.

  1. Effects of Kisspeptin on Sexual Brain Processing and Penile Tumescence in Men With Hypoactive Sexual Desire DisorderMills EG, Ertl N, Wall MB, et al. · 2023
  2. Effects of Kisspeptin Administration in Women With Hypoactive Sexual Desire DisorderThurston L, Hunjan T, Ertl N, et al. · 2022
  3. Clinical Parameters of Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome Following Different Hormonal Triggers of Oocyte Maturation in IVF TreatmentAbbara A, Islam R, Clarke SA, et al. · 2018
  4. Kisspeptin Administration Stimulates Reproductive Hormones but Does Not Affect Anxiety in HumansMills EG, Thurston L, Yang L, et al. · 2025
  5. Intranasal Kisspeptin Administration Rapidly Stimulates Gonadotropin Release in HumansMills EG, Silva MSB, Delli V, et al. · 2025
  6. Kisspeptin-10 Is a Potent Stimulator of LH and Increases Pulse Frequency in MenGeorge JT, Veldhuis JD, Roseweir AK, Newton CL, Faccenda E, Millar RP, Anderson RA · 2011
  7. Kisspeptin-54 stimulates the hypothalamic-pituitary gonadal axis in human malesDhillo WS, Chaudhri OB, Patterson M, et al. · 2005
  8. The GPR54 gene as a regulator of pubertySeminara SB, Messager S, Chatzidaki EE, et al. · 2003
  9. The metastasis suppressor gene KiSS-1 encodes kisspeptins, the natural ligands of the orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR54Kotani M, Detheux M, Vandenbogaerde A, et al. · 2001
  10. Minireview: kisspeptin/neurokinin B/dynorphin (KNDy) cells of the arcuate nucleus: a central node in the control of gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretionLehman MN, Coolen LM, Goodman RL · 2010
  11. Kisspeptin-54 stimulates gonadotropin release most potently during the preovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle in womenDhillo WS, Chaudhri OB, Thompson EL, et al. · 2007
  12. Subcutaneous injection of kisspeptin-54 acutely stimulates gonadotropin secretion in women with hypothalamic amenorrhea, but chronic administration causes tachyphylaxisJayasena CN, Nijher GMK, Chaudhri OB, et al. · 2009
  13. Efficacy of kisspeptin-54 to trigger oocyte maturation in women at high risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) during in vitro fertilization (IVF) therapyAbbara A, Jayasena CN, Christopoulos G, et al. · 2015
  14. The effects of kisspeptin-10 on reproductive hormone release show sexual dimorphism in humansJayasena CN, Nijher GMK, Comninos AN, et al. · 2011
  15. Kisspeptins are novel potent vasoconstrictors in humans, with a discrete localization of their receptor, G protein-coupled receptor 54, to atherosclerosis-prone vesselsMead EJ, Maguire JJ, Kuc RE, Davenport AP · 2007
  16. Exogenous kisspeptin administration as a probe of GnRH neuronal function in patients with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadismChan YM, Lippincott MF, Butler JP, et al. · 2014
  17. Repetitive activation of hypothalamic G protein-coupled receptor 54 with intravenous pulses of kisspeptin in the juvenile monkey (Macaca mulatta) elicits a sustained train of gonadotropin-releasing hormone dischargesPlant TM, Ramaswamy S, Dipietro MJ · 2006
  18. Chronic subcutaneous kisspeptin-10 stimulates gonadotropin secretion for 12 days in healthy menYeung AC, Phylactou M, Koysombat K, et al. · 2026
  19. Administration of Kisspeptin in Patients With Hyperprolactinemia (NCT02956447) — posted resultsMassachusetts General Hospital; ClinicalTrials.gov · 2024
  20. Prolonged Pulsatile Kisspeptin Administration in Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism (NCT04648969) — posted resultsSeminara SB; Massachusetts General Hospital; ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026
  21. VIAGRA (sildenafil citrate) tablets — US prescribing informationPfizer Laboratories Div Pfizer Inc · 2017
  22. AZMIRO (testosterone cypionate) injection — US prescribing informationAzurity Pharmaceuticals, Inc. · 2025
  23. Free cortisol levels after awakening: a reliable biological marker for the assessment of adrenocortical activityPruessner JC, Wolf OT, Hellhammer DH, et al. · 1997

Want the deep science?

Read the full Kisspeptin-10 research profile

Every claim on this page traces back to the research database behind Peptide Initiative — studies, citations, clinical trial data, and the technical detail we deliberately left out here.

Open the research profile

More sexual health guides

This guide is education, not medical advice. Kisspeptin-10 is a research compound that is not FDA-approved for human use. Talk to a clinician before taking anything.