2006
A single injection raised GH levels 2-10 fold for 6+ days and IGF-1 levels (a growth signal made in the liver) 1.5-3 fold for 9-11 days. No serious adverse events were reported in healthy adults.
Teichman et al.
2006
CJC-1295 increased GH release while keeping the natural pulse pattern. Basal GH levels (the baseline between pulses) rose 7.5-fold and IGF-1 rose 45% one week after injection.
Ionescu M, Frohman LA
2006
Daily CJC-1295 treatment restored normal body weight, length, and body makeup (muscle and fat) in growth hormone-deficient mice, showing it can normalize GH-dependent growth.
Alba M, Fintini D, Sagazio A et al.
2009
CJC-1295 caused measurable changes in blood protein patterns, indicating activation of the GH/IGF-1 axis (the chain of signals from growth hormone to IGF-1), with possible biomarkers (measurable signs) of GH activity.
Sackmann-Sala L, Ding J, Frohman LA et al.
1989
Human GHRH, including the 1-29 fragment, is rapidly cut in blood plasma between amino acids 2 and 3 by the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase IV, which switches it off. Swapping in a D-amino acid (a mirror-image version) at position 1 or position 2 prevented that cut.
Frohman LA, Downs TR, Heimer EP, Felix AM
1994
Natural human GRF (another name for GHRH) is switched off in three ways: DPP-IV cutting between residues 2 and 3, chemical rearrangement at Asn8, and oxidation (damage by oxygen) at Met27. Analogues (lab-made copies) built with swaps at position 2 (to block DPP-IV), position 8 (to reduce rearrangement), position 15 (Ala15, which improves receptor binding) and position 27 (Leu27, to prevent oxidation) completely resisted DPP-IV cutting over 24 hours and were 11- to 13-fold more potent than natural GRF when injected into pigs.
Campbell RM, Stricker P, Miller R, Bongers J, Liu W, Lambros T, Ahmad M, Felix AM, Heimer EP
2005
Injecting the unconjugated (no albumin tag) four-swap hGRF(1-29) versions under the skin in rats produced a short burst of growth hormone in blood plasma. The albumin-binding version, CJC-1295, was still detectable in plasma beyond 72 hours.
Jette L, Leger R, Thibaudeau K, Benquet C, Robitaille M, Pellerin I, Paradis V, van Wyk P, Pham K, Bridon DP
1992
The GHRH receptor is a seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor (a receptor that passes through the cell membrane seven times). Its messenger RNA (the gene's working copy) is found mostly, if not only, in the anterior pituitary (the front part of a gland at the base of the brain). GHRH binds it tightly and stimulates production of intracellular cAMP (an internal messenger).
Mayo KE
1995
In healthy adults, growth hormone released over 120 minutes measured 484 ug/L per min after GHRH alone and 1435 after GHRP-6 alone, but 3772 when the two were given together. The combined response was significantly greater than the two given separately added together.
Popovic V, Damjanovic S, Micic D, Djurovic M, Dieguez C, Casanueva FF