Cerluten's peptide parts change which genes are active by working on histones (proteins that package DNA) and on control regions of the DNA itself. This is called an epigenetic effect (it changes gene activity without changing the DNA code). The AEDG part forms specific complexes with histones H1/6 and H1/3 at set DNA-contact sites, which opens up the DNA near the starting points (promoters) of nerve-growth genes. This raises the output of nestin, GAP43, β-tubulin III and doublecortin mRNA (the gene's working copy) by 1.6-1.8 fold, promoting nerve-cell development. The EDR part interacts with the DNA major groove (a wide channel on the DNA surface) and stabilizes dendritic spine structure (tiny nerve-cell connection points) by blocking caspase-3 (a cell self-destruct enzyme). The KED part raises IGF1 activity by 3.5-5.6 fold by activating FOXO1 (a longevity-linked gene switch) and adjusting TNKS2 (involved in keeping chromosome end caps, called telomeres, healthy) at nanomolar concentrations (extremely tiny amounts). The AED part interacts with AT-rich DNA sequences in the minor groove (a small channel on the DNA surface), lowering the aging markers p16, p21 and p53 while raising SIRT-6 (a longevity-linked enzyme). All the peptide parts block MMP-9 (an enzyme that breaks down tissue), raise Ki-67 and CD98hc (markers of cell multiplication and regeneration), and block caspase-dependent apoptosis (cell self-destruct). Together they act on several routes at once to help nerve cells survive, regenerate, and age more slowly.